Science Dudes

Black Is White (Scientifically Speaking): When the Opposites Start Swapping Jerseys

<p></p><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBaHAZNJlUffJegK6oPUe-ut8Ji7BjJdO3hAGeKb7potq4PjXqCMytXwMXTSYUnmA5JfLTQJlwRqIz58uv0uIHGBoCrRnQI2DTp1nZ-WsAD0z4pvYdfUwelJbMgbolGOCWyVwj0mEd01UPL5FIgLJQopTPMpf7qoWLgt0rwONdVFvdB8sTuTkq9eYi1II" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="Black is white. An abstract, surreal photograph of two flowing liquids intertwining in mid-air against a neutral gray studio background. One liquid is an impossibly dark, matte black that seems to absorb all light, like Vantablack. The other liquid is a brilliant, glowing white luminescence that radiates light. Where the two streams twist around each other in a Mobius strip shape, they don't just mix into gray; they seem to swap textures, with the glowing material turning dark and the dark material suddenly emitting bright light. High contrast, macro photography style." data-original-height="940" data-original-width="1856" height="162" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgBaHAZNJlUffJegK6oPUe-ut8Ji7BjJdO3hAGeKb7potq4PjXqCMytXwMXTSYUnmA5JfLTQJlwRqIz58uv0uIHGBoCrRnQI2DTp1nZ-WsAD0z4pvYdfUwelJbMgbolGOCWyVwj0mEd01UPL5FIgLJQopTPMpf7qoWLgt0rwONdVFvdB8sTuTkq9eYi1II=w320-h162" width="320" /></a></div></div><p></p><p>“Black is white” sounds like someone’s trying to pick a fight with reality.</p>

<p>But take that phrase into a lab. Or into the awkward intersection of eyes, light, materials, cameras, and human brains doing guesswork at high speed. Suddenly it’s not complete nonsense. Not philosophy. Actual science.</p>

<p>So let’s talk about the situations where black can act like white, look like white, or quietly turn into something your brain swears is white—without anyone pretending reality is optional.</p>

<h2>A quick anchor: what “black” and “white” even mean</h2>

<p>Start simple. As simple as it gets.</p>

<p>Black, in everyday optics, is what you perceive when almost no visible light reaches your eyes from a surface. Either there’s no light around, or the surface absorbs most of it. White is the opposite situation: lots of visible light comes back to your eyes, across a wide range of wavelengths, and your brain nods and says, “Okay, white.”</p>

<p>That sounds tidy.</p>

<p>Reality isn’t.</p>

<p>Because black and white aren’t materials. They’re results. And results depend on context.</p>

<h2>The annoying truth: black and white aren’t “colors” in the same way</h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHmG5qIO1Y-L2Ca-ve_M-VfQ6swVDlPG1B03gifBPijt3ibjiSMoG8SZ3HaUv0xQgg8HzJ0dnQVKb6uvshX6a61gu8_TSrjqaNXMZdHAyDbsXDWdFBfX7qfR1PS09CqZRVm_-4e7ZBGKzv6_eFoT8U0FjI3iO7BJHf5SilXBEWXryo9fYTIHa5k-ObeYQ" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A split-panel educational photograph. The left panel is titled "LIGHT (Additive)" and shows three colored spotlights (red, green, blue) shining onto a white wall; where the three beams overlap in the center, they create a brilliant bright white circle of light. The right panel is titled "PIGMENT (Subtractive)" and shows a close-up of an artist's palette with thick blobs of cyan, magenta, and yellow oil paints being smeared together by a palette knife, combining in the center into a dark, muddy black sludge." data-original-height="994" data-original-width="1948" height="326" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEjHmG5qIO1Y-L2Ca-ve_M-VfQ6swVDlPG1B03gifBPijt3ibjiSMoG8SZ3HaUv0xQgg8HzJ0dnQVKb6uvshX6a61gu8_TSrjqaNXMZdHAyDbsXDWdFBfX7qfR1PS09CqZRVm_-4e7ZBGKzv6_eFoT8U0FjI3iO7BJHf5SilXBEWXryo9fYTIHa5k-ObeYQ=w640-h326" width="640" /></a></div></div>

<p>If you’re talking about light itself, black is basically “off.” White is “everything on at once.”</p>

<p>That’s the additive story. Screens. LEDs. Stage lights. Your phone does this nonstop. When it shows white, it’s firing red, green, and blue light together. When it shows black, it’s barely emitting anything at all.</p>

<p>Switch to pigments and the rules flip.</p>

<p>Paint doesn’t emit light. It steals it. A white page looks white because it reflects a lot of incoming light. Add ink and you start removing chunks of the spectrum. Keep adding absorbing pigments and you drift toward black. If you’ve ever mixed a bunch of paints and ended up with sad brown sludge, congratulations—you’ve met subtractive color the hard way.</p>

<p>Same words. Different systems. Different physics.</p>

<h2>When black turns white because your brain is doing math behind your back</h2>

<p>You’ve probably seen the checker-shadow illusion. One square sits in shadow. Another sits in bright light. One looks dark. One looks light. Someone draws a line or isolates them and—surprise—they’re identical.</p>

<p>That illusion works because your visual system is not a light meter.</p>

<p>It’s a prediction engine.</p>

<p>Your brain constantly guesses what objects “really” are under changing light. Shadows move. Sunlight shifts. Indoor lighting goes yellow. Without compensation, the world would look unstable. So your brain corrects. Most of the time, that correction is useful. Sometimes it backfires beautifully.</p>

<p>In the checker-shadow case, your brain assumes the square in shadow must actually be lighter than it appears, so it boosts its perceived brightness. A physically darker square gets mentally promoted. A lighter one gets demoted. Black-ish becomes white-ish, just by context.</p>

<p>No tricks. Just perception doing its job a little too confidently.</p>

<h3>The Dress, or how the internet learned about lighting the hard way</h3>

<p>The dress photo from 2015 did the same thing at scale. Some people saw white and gold. Others saw blue and black. Same pixels. Different assumptions about the light source.</p>

<p>If your brain assumed cool shadowy light, it subtracted blue and the dress drifted toward white. If it assumed warm indoor light, it subtracted yellow and the blue stayed put.</p>

<p>I remember the first time it flipped for me. It was unsettling. Like realizing your eyes aren’t witnesses—they’re interpreters.</p>

<h2>Afterimages: the fastest way to watch white become black</h2>

<p>This one you can try without equipment.</p>

<p>Stare at a bright white shape on a dark background for a bit. Don’t blink much. Then look at a plain wall.</p>

<p>You’ll likely see a dark ghost of that shape.</p>

<p>That’s photoreceptor fatigue. Cells responding to the bright area get temporarily worn down. When you switch scenes, those tired cells fire less than their neighbors. The result looks darker.</p>

<p>White stimulus. Black percept.</p>

<p>Not magic. Just biology being dramatic for a few seconds.</p>

<h2>Heat physics: the “black” thing that shines white-hot</h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgf89ai5CLVAcpOLLR7d0UvCfjnl-9CCdj6mWY7lT5aQRw_TJyo_qHyHcragOPSsjWud2E-m6kOFLB33YuW-23Q8rkY_voLoHzuemEJfTzOGnTstZPKwm28urikS_Ylrjswax5zylYBNbV4qiMXyg4bRJvM9v5GhdlP5r_FX_-sXoeP94pqOInDrSvV67g" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A gritty, close-up photograph of industrial metalworking. A thick, rough-textured wrought iron bar, which is dull black at one end, is being heated in a forge. The other end of the bar is glowing intensely white-hot, almost blindingly bright, radiating heat haze and tiny sparks. The transition zone on the metal goes from the white glow to yellow, to orange, to deep red, and back to cold black iron. The background is dark and smoky." data-original-height="1010" data-original-width="1854" height="348" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEgf89ai5CLVAcpOLLR7d0UvCfjnl-9CCdj6mWY7lT5aQRw_TJyo_qHyHcragOPSsjWud2E-m6kOFLB33YuW-23Q8rkY_voLoHzuemEJfTzOGnTstZPKwm28urikS_Ylrjswax5zylYBNbV4qiMXyg4bRJvM9v5GhdlP5r_FX_-sXoeP94pqOInDrSvV67g=w640-h348" width="640" /></a></div></div>

<p>Time to drag temperature into the conversation.</p>

<p>Physicists use “blackbody” to describe an ideal surface that absorbs all incoming radiation. Nothing reflected. Perfect absorber. As black as it gets.</p>

<p>Here’s the part that sounds wrong until you sit with it.</p>

<p>The best absorber is also the best emitter.</p>

<p>Heat that surface up and it radiates energy efficiently. As temperature rises, the glow shifts from red to orange to yellow and eventually looks white. That phrase “white-hot” is literal. At high temperatures, emission spreads across most of the visible range, and your eyes read it as white.</p>

<p>So a perfect black absorber can produce white light. Same object. Different mechanism.</p>

<p>Black becomes white through heat.</p>

<p>On a less cosmic scale, you already know this effect. Park a black car and a white car in the sun. Come back later. Touch both. Learn something the hard way.</p>

<p>Black surfaces absorb more solar energy. White ones reflect more. That’s not fashion advice. That’s thermodynamics.</p>

<h2>Space does “black” and “white” with zero subtlety</h2>

<p>A black hole earns its name. Past its event horizon, light can’t escape. No reflection. No emission from the hole itself. It’s not dark gray. It’s genuinely black.</p>

<p>You only notice black holes by watching what they do to nearby matter. Disks of gas heat up and glow. Stars wobble. Space bends. The hole itself stays invisible.</p>

<p>White dwarfs sit on the opposite end. They’re the exposed cores of dead stars, still insanely hot. Early on, they glow fiercely in the white-blue range. Not because they reflect light, but because they’re dumping stored heat into space.</p>

<p>Give the universe enough time and a white dwarf would cool into a black dwarf. None exist yet. Not enough time has passed.</p>

<p>Even planets play this game. Ice and clouds reflect a lot of sunlight. Dark oceans and rock absorb more. That reflectivity—albedo—changes how hot a planet gets. White cools. Black warms.</p>

<h2>Materials science: when black stops looking real</h2><div><div class="separator" style="clear: both; text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiI8XWgjx-8mpSd-1TskUJSlDNm8o77MQlLAhsesCx96HpHjlSkvy2SVZfD49JIP7Ipo3VpLg1BOXU6v_b-RvDtmC0rzoTA0OiPH8N6VvhE1YSDvqDVgpYsZSZ4jCZHLB1BoPiAssW30-X2VuL0P8xIRC5JEPaTqsstbdSKW2triJJMmPpikkedkf-idBI" style="margin-left: 1em; margin-right: 1em;"><img alt="A photorealistic photo of two identical spherical objects sitting side-by-side on a wooden desk. The sphere on the left is painted with standard matte black paint; it shows subtle shadows, a soft highlight from a window, and you can clearly see its 3D round shape. The sphere on the right is coated in a super-black material (like Vantablack); it reflects absolutely no light, appearing merely as a flat, pitch-black 2D circle cutout or a hole in reality, despite being the same 3D shape as the one on the left." data-original-height="992" data-original-width="1842" height="344" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/a/AVvXsEiI8XWgjx-8mpSd-1TskUJSlDNm8o77MQlLAhsesCx96HpHjlSkvy2SVZfD49JIP7Ipo3VpLg1BOXU6v_b-RvDtmC0rzoTA0OiPH8N6VvhE1YSDvqDVgpYsZSZ4jCZHLB1BoPiAssW30-X2VuL0P8xIRC5JEPaTqsstbdSKW2triJJMmPpikkedkf-idBI=w640-h344" width="640" /></a></div></div>

<p>Some modern materials absorb so much light that your brain loses its grip on depth.</p>

<p>Ultra-black coatings trap light using microscopic structures. Incoming photons bounce around internally until they’re absorbed. Almost nothing comes back out.</p>

<p>The result is unsettling. Shapes flatten. Edges disappear. A three-dimensional object starts looking like a cutout or a hole.</p>

<p>On the other side, ultra-white paints push reflectivity so high that surfaces can stay cooler than the surrounding air under direct sun. That’s not a visual trick. It’s energy management.</p>

<p>At those extremes, black and white stop feeling like colors. They become behaviors.</p>

<h2>Digital black and white: simple numbers that still lie</h2>

<p>Digitally, black and white seem straightforward. Zero is black. Max value is white.</p>

<p>Then exposure ruins the simplicity.</p>

<p>Put a person in front of a bright window and the camera exposes for the background. The person turns into a silhouette. White shirt or not, they register as black.</p>

<p>Overexpose a scene and details vanish into white patches. Not because the objects changed, but because the sensor ran out of room.</p>

<p>Some sensors even see wavelengths your eyes don’t. Dark fabrics can look bright under infrared. To you, it’s black. To the camera, it’s not.</p>

<h2>The quiet conclusion hiding in all this</h2>

<p>Black and white feel absolute because language makes them feel absolute.</p>

<p>Physics doesn’t.</p>

<p>What you call black or white depends on light sources, surfaces, temperature, detectors, and a brain that’s constantly guessing what it thinks makes sense.</p>

<p>So can black be white?</p>

<p>Under the right conditions, yes. Easily. Repeatedly. And sometimes without you noticing at all.</p>

<p>That’s not reality breaking. That’s reality being more conditional than we like to admit.</p>

Black Is White (Scientifically Speaking): When the Opposites Start Swapping Jerseys

“Black is white” sounds like someone’s trying to pick a fight with reality. And… yeah. Most of the time, it is. But take that phrase int...

Velocity vs Time Graph For Freely Falling Object

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In free fall, we assume that there's <b>no air resistance.</b> </div>
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<br /></div>
<b>The velocity vs time graph for freely falling object is a straight line passing through origin with positive gradient</b>. But why? Before drawing any graphs, you must consider what the equation that relates the parameters in question is. In our case, the equation is <span style="background-color: black;"> </span><span style="background-color: #444444;"><span style="color: white;">v = u + a . t </span></span>, where v = final velocity, u = initial velocity, a = acceleration due to gravity, and t = time.<br />
<br />
But, as we do not supply any initial velocity to the object, u = 0. So the equation becomes <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> v = a . t </span></span><br />
And since a = acceleration due to gravity, it's value is 9.81ms<sup>-2</sup><br />
Therefore, our final equation becomes <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> v = 9.81 * t </span></span><br />
<br />
This equation can be compared with <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> y = mx + c </span></span> where, c = 0. Now m = 9.81, which must be the gradient of the graph.<br />
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<tr><td style="text-align: center;"><a href="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kVfKJmGg7YR0DKC3BgVfJ6v0uoLXEVj99Eml3hAXsofITA6oNWaE2jbTSDI3Xu-EmE-uRbT-trYrMzJhulx5JLabywF49VhNPhWY-GarXK29WxUK9Kio77rg-mV-o3Zwa-NhvdfCTnY/s1600/velocity+vs+time.png" imageanchor="1" style="margin-left: auto; margin-right: auto;"><img alt="Velocity vs Time Graph Free Fall" border="0" data-original-height="591" data-original-width="866" height="218" src="https://blogger.googleusercontent.com/img/b/R29vZ2xl/AVvXsEj-kVfKJmGg7YR0DKC3BgVfJ6v0uoLXEVj99Eml3hAXsofITA6oNWaE2jbTSDI3Xu-EmE-uRbT-trYrMzJhulx5JLabywF49VhNPhWY-GarXK29WxUK9Kio77rg-mV-o3Zwa-NhvdfCTnY/s320/velocity+vs+time.png" title="Velocity vs Time Graph Free Fall" width="320" /></a></td></tr>
<tr><td class="tr-caption" style="text-align: center;">Velocity vs Time Graph For Free Fall</td></tr>
</tbody></table>
<br />Hence, <b>velocity vs time graph for free fall is a straight line</b> with following properties:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li><b>Passes through origin</b>. Why? Because if you compare <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> v = 9.81 * t </span></span> with <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> y = mx + c </span></span>, you'll find that c = 0, which is the y-intercept. If a line has y-intercept of 0, it must go through origin.</li>
<li><b>Has a gradient of 9.81</b>, Why? Again if you compare <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> v = 9.81 * t </span></span> with <span style="background-color: black;"><span style="color: white;"> y = mx + c </span></span>, you'll find that m has a value of 9.81, which is the slope of a straight line. </li>
</ul>
</div>

Velocity vs Time Graph For Freely Falling Object

In free fall, we assume that there's no air resistance. The velocity vs time graph for freely falling object is a straight line...

Mitotic Cell Division Stages, Diagrams, & Summary (Explained!)

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<br />
This article is about Mitosis Cell division and different stages of mitotic cell division.<br />
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Mitosis is an equatorial division in which a mother cell divides to form 2 daughter cells. This was first observed by a German biologist, <i>Walter Flemming</i>, in 1877 AD.<br />
<br />
Mitosis takes place in vegetative or somatic cell. So, it is also called <b>Somatic Cell Division</b>.<br />
<br />
In general, mitosis is preceded by the 5 stages of Interphase ( During which the DNA is replicated). Then, it is often followed by cytokinesis, which divides the cytoplasm, organelles, and cell membrane into 2 new cell containing roughly equal shares of these cellular components. We will discuss each of these stages in details below.<br />
<br />
In mitotic cell division, the same number (diploid number) of chromosomes of the parent cell is maintained in each division of the cell. <i><u>The cell division in which a diploid parent cell divides biologically into 2 diploid daughter cells is called mitotic cell division.</u></i><br />
<i><u><br /></u></i>
Let's get into mitosis cell division stages.<br />
<br />
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Interphase</h2>
Interphase is the non-dividing phase of Mitosis. In this phase, the actual cell division doesn’t occur. It is a phase of high metabolic activity, in which a cell makes all necessary preparations required for cell division. Interphase itself has is divided into 3 phases, namely G1 (first gap), S (synthesis), and G2(second gap).<br />
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During these 3 stages, the following activities take place:<br />
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>the cell grows by producing protein, and cytoplasmic organelles </li>
<li>Replication of DNA, and synthesis of histone protein take place which results in duplication of chromosomes</li>
<li>Chromosomes are replicated only during the "S" phase</li>
</ul>
In animal cells, the centrosome begins to divide. Chromosomes appear in the form of diffused, long & coiled network called chromatin fibers.<br />
<div>
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<div>
<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Phases of Mitotic Cell Division</h2>
Mitosis is a continuous process. M<span style="background-color: white; font-family: "arial"; font-size: 13px; white-space: pre-wrap;">itosis cell division occurs in following 4 stages:</span><br />
1) Prophase<br />
2) Metaphase<br />
3) Anaphase<br />
4) Telophase<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Prophase (pro = before, phasis = stage)</h3>
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It is the first and longest stage of mitosis cell division. It lasts for 100 minutes. This stage involves a number of changes in the cell which take place simultaneously. In this stage, chromosomes are long, thin, and are like a thread. Each chromosomes has two chromatids. The two chromatids are joined at the centromere. The chromatin material condense into distinct thread like structure called a centromere and 2 sister chromatids which becomes shorter and thicker as the prophase proceeds. Nucleolus and nuclear membrane start disappearing towards the end of prophase. The two centrioles of the centrosome migrate towards opposite poles by forming spindle fibers.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Metaphase (meta = between, phasis = stage)</h3>
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It is the second stage or middle stage of mitosis which lasts for 15 minutes. In this stage, nucleolus and nuclear membrane disappear completely and nuclear spindle appears. Chromosomes come to lie on equator and arms face towards poles. Spindle fibers attach themselves to centromere of chromosome whereas chromosomes becomes shorter and thicker due to condensation.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Anaphase (ana = back, phasis = stage)</h3>
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It is the third and shorter stage of mitotic cell division. This stage last for 10 minutes. In this stage, centromeres of each pair of chromatids appear to repel each other and are separated forming two daughters chromosomes. Whereas, chromosomes migrate towards opposite poles due to the contraction of spindle fibers and repelling force of sister chromatids and becomes shorter and thicker, and take the shape of "U" ,"V" or "J" depending on the position of centromere.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Telophase (telo = end, phasis = stage)</h3>
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It is the fourth and last stage of karyokinesis. During this stage, the events of prophase occurs in reverse sequence. It last for 60 minutes. The daughter chromosomes reach their respective poles, uncoil, and change into chromatin network. Nuclear membrane reappears around the chromatin network of each pole.<br />
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Therefore, two daughter nuclei with same number of chromosomes are formed.<br />
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Nucleolus appears in each daughter nucleus and spindle fibers disappear.<br />
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In animal cell, the centromere organizes itself above the nucleus at the end of karyokinesis.<br />
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At the end of telophase, karyokinesis is followed by cytokinesis. i.e - division of cytoplasm.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Cytokinesis (cyto = cell, kinesis= movement)</h3>
In this stage, the cytoplasm actually divides. In this stage, nuclear division occurs.<br />
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The process is slightly different between animals and plants cell.<br />
In animal cells, there are actin filaments. These filaments interacts with each other causing the cell membrane to create cleavage furrow in them. The furrow then deepens, and eventually results in division of cell membrane to form two individual cells.<br />
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In plant cell, it has a rigid cell wall. Cytokinesis is accompanied by cell plate formation. In this process, a new cell plate is formed in the middle of the cell. This cell plate continues to grow so that it reaches the cell membrane and finally combines with the cell’s original plate. Now the newly formed plate breaks forming two individual cells.<br />
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<h2 style="text-align: left;">
Summary</h2>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Prophase</h3>
In brief the following things occur during prophase:<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>DNA condenses to form chromosomes</li>
<li>Nuclear membrane starts to fade
Nucleolus disappears</li>
<li>Centrioles start making spindle fires</li>
</ul>
<div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Metaphase</h3>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Chromosomes are joined by two spindle fibers</li>
<li>Chromosomes arrange themselves at the equatorial plane</li>
<li>Formation of equatorial phase occurs</li>
</ul>
<div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Anaphase</h3>
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<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Spindle fibers shorten so that chromosomes pair separate and are taken towards each pole.</li>
</ul>
<div>
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Telophase</h3>
<br />
<ul style="text-align: left;">
<li>Separation of chromosomes complete in this phase</li>
<li>In animals cell, cleavage furrowing occurs</li>
<li>In plants cell, cell plate forms</li>
<li>Reformation of nucleus and nucleolus
Chromosomes uncoil</li>
</ul>
</div>
</div>
</div>

Mitotic Cell Division Stages, Diagrams, & Summary (Explained!)

This article is about Mitosis Cell division and different stages of mitotic cell division. Mitosis is an equatorial division in which ...

20 Examples Of Scalar and Vector Quantities List

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<br />
In our previous post, we discussed about <a href="https://science-dudes.blogspot.com/2019/08/scalar-and-vector-quantities-definition.html" target="_blank">Scalars & Vectors</a>. But you might be wondering what are some examples of scalar quantity? Here's the list of 20 scalar and vector quantities.<br />
<br />
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Scalar Quantities Examples</h3>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Length</li>
<li>Time</li>
<li>Mass</li>
<li>Temperature</li>
<li>Energy</li>
<li>Direct Current (DC)</li>
<li>Frequency</li>
<li>Volume</li>
<li>Speed</li>
<li>Amount of substance</li>
<li>Luminous Intensity</li>
<li>Density</li>
<li>Concentration</li>
<li>Refractive Index</li>
<li>Work</li>
<li>Pressure</li>
<li>Power</li>
<li>Charge</li>
<li>Electric Potential</li>
<li>Entropy</li>
</ol>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Vector Quantities Examples</h3>
</div>
<div>
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Impulse</li>
<li>Force</li>
<li>Momentum</li>
<li>Velocity</li>
<li>Acceleration</li>
<li>Displacement</li>
<li>Angle</li>
<li>Alternating Current</li>
<li>Torque Of Couple</li>
<li>Weight</li>
<li>Thrust</li>
<li>Electric Field Strength</li>
<li>Magnetic Field Strength</li>
<li>Gravitation</li>
<li>Angular Velocity</li>
<li>Angular Momentum</li>
<li>Centripetal Force</li>
<li>Drag Force</li>
<li>Frictional Force</li>
<li>Tension</li>
</ol>
</div>
</div>

20 Examples Of Scalar and Vector Quantities List

In our previous post, we discussed about Scalars & Vectors . But you might be wondering what are some examples of scalar quantity? H...

Cell Division Meaning, Definition, and Types For Dummies (Explained!)

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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
What is a Cell?</h3>
A biological cell is defined as the fundamental, structural, and functional unit of life. The bodies of living organisms are made up of microscopic units known as cells. Cells, themselves, are made up of a life giving substances called protoplasm, cell organelles, and inclusions.<br />
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<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Define Cell Division</h3>
<div>
The biological process in which an existing cell divides into two or four daughter cells is called cell division.<br />
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Why Does Cell Division Occur?</h3>
<div>
Cell division is a vital part of life. Our bodies grow because of cell division. When older cells die, new cells must replace their position. Similarly, <b>cell division helps in reproduction.</b> Cell division is essential for continuity of a species. All of the structure of a parent cell are duplicated in cell division and divides into two or more daughter cells. In unicellular organisms, cell division is a means of reproduction because it directly produces two daughter organisms.<br />
<br /></div>
<div>
Cell division has 3 important aspects:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Replication of DNA</li>
<li>Karyokinesis (division of nucleus), </li>
<li>and Cytokinesis (division of cytoplasm). </li>
</ol>
<div>
In cell division, the Karyokinesis is followed by Cytokinesis.<br />
<br /></div>
<h3 style="text-align: left;">
Types of cell division</h3>
On the basis of mode of nuclear division, cells are divided into 3 different ways.<br />
They are:<br />
<ol style="text-align: left;">
<li>Amitosis (also known as Binary fission)</li>
<li>Mitosis</li>
<li>Meiosis

</li>
</ol>
<div>
In the next post, we will explore each of these types in details.</div>
</div>
</div>

Cell Division Meaning, Definition, and Types For Dummies (Explained!)

What is a Cell? A biological cell is defined as the fundamental, structural, and functional unit of life. The bodies of living organi...

Definition and Meaning Of Acceleration Due To Gravity in Physics

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<b><br /></b>
<b>Define the term acceleration due to gravity:</b> <i>The acceleration of an object which is solely caused due to the gravitation field of any heavenly body, say Earth, is known as acceleration due to gravity</i>. Acceleration due to gravity of Earth is 9.81 ms<sup>-2</sup>, Mercury is 3.7 ms<sup>-2</sup>, Venus is 8.87 ms<sup>-2</sup>,  and Moon is 1.62ms<sup>-2</sup><br />
<br />
So here's the definition. But what does it really mean when someone says "acceleration due to gravity"?<br />
<br />
Let's imagine that you're on an airplane and you've an object in your hand, say a guitar. Then, you throw the object out of the plane. Now the object is in open air, can you tell me what forces are acting on the guitar after you threw it? Obviously, the force of gravity. (But keep in mind, that the earth has atmosphere due to which any object moving in open air also experiences a drag force, called air resistance or air drag. For the sake of simplicity, we are going to assume that there's no air resisting the guitar's motion.) Now the object moves towards the center of the earth with increasing velocity. Since the velocity is changing, the object has acceleration. This acceleration is caused by gravitational force of the earth, hence this acceleration is called "acceleration due to gravity". For earth, it's fixed and its value is 9.81 ms-2.<br />
<br />
Notice why i told you to ignore the presence of air resistance? This is because for any acceleration to be qualified as acceleration due to gravity, <b>it must not be affected by any other force except the gravitational force between the object and heavenly body</b>. This is why the definition itself says "solely caused due to gravitational field of heavenly body".</div>

Definition and Meaning Of Acceleration Due To Gravity in Physics

Define the term acceleration due to gravity: The acceleration of an object which is solely caused due to the gravitation field of any h...

Discuss The Role Of Chromosomes in Cell Division and Inheritance/Heredity

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Wondering what does chromosomes do during cell division? This article provides superficial explanation of the main function of chromosomes in cell division and in inherited traits and characteristics.<br />
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<br /></div>
Chromosomes are the organized structure of DNA(Deoxyribonucleic Acid) and protein which is found in nucleus of both plant and animal cells. Before a cell divides, the chromosome are replicated within the nucleus. In a human cell, the nucleus of cell division contains 46 pair of chromosomes. Organisms grow by undergoing cell division to produce new cells and replace older one. As the genetic material passes from parents to child, <b>the chromosomes are responsible for containing the instructions that makes the offspring unique while still carrying traits from the parents</b>. It's essential that certain cells, like reproductive cell, have correct number of chromosomes in order to function properly. It also helps to ensure that the DNA should be remain tightly around the proteins otherwise DNA molecules will be larger in the inside of cells.</div>

Discuss The Role Of Chromosomes in Cell Division and Inheritance/Heredity

Wondering what does chromosomes do during cell division? This article provides superficial explanation of the main function of chromosomes ...